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~13 min read · 2,894 words ·updated 2026-04-29 · confidence 76%

Source log — Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (NASDAQ: TSEM, CIK 0000928876)

This file is the canonical inventory of every primary URL cited anywhere in the TSEM KB. An analyst auditing “what sources is this knowledge base built on” should be able to start here. Every refresh appends new sources by URL + first-seen date and updates per-source last-verified dates.

Source hierarchy (per project source-validation rule):

  1. SEC EDGAR primary (Form 20-F, 6-K, SC 13G/D, F-3, 424B5, Form 144, Form 4 [post-HFIAA only]) — public domain, quote freely. TSEM is a Foreign Private Issuer; pre-2026-03-18 the Section 16(a) FPI carve-out applied (no Form 4); post-2026-03-18 HFIAA repealed the carve-out and full Section 16(a) regime applies.
  2. Israeli regulatory primary (Israeli Securities Authority — ISA; Tel Aviv Stock Exchange — TASE; Maya disclosure portal in Hebrew) — historical insider-disclosure pathway during the FPI-carve-out era.
  3. Tower corporate (towersemi.com, towersemi.com/investors, GlobeNewswire / PR Newswire / Business Wire mirrors) — primary corporate sources.
  4. Counterparty corporate (Intel investor relations, Intel SEC filings CIK 0000050863, STMicroelectronics, Lightwave Logic, Nuvoton, Coherent, customer 10-K / 20-F filings) — primary corporate sources from collaboration counterparties.
  5. Conference proceedings (OFC, ECOC, IPC, IEEE Photonics, GOMACTech) — primary technical venues.
  6. Peer-reviewed papers (DOI-citable; SiGe BiCMOS / RF SOI / silicon-photonics process + integration-architecture references) — primary technical.
  7. Trade press (Reuters, Bloomberg, EE Times, SemiWiki, Semiconductor Engineering, Photonics Spectra, Laser Focus World, Optics.org, Compound Semiconductor) — secondary structured.
  8. Industry forecasts (WSTS, LightCounting, IBS, Yole Développement, Dell’Oro, 650 Group) — secondary structured.
  9. Aggregator / sentiment (Yahoo Finance, Stocktitan, Stocktwits, MarketBeat) — Tier 2 input.

Confidence-flag conventions:

  • ✓ verified-primary
  • ◐ partial / single-source / paraphrased / aggregator
  • ⚠ inferred / unconfirmed

1. SEC EDGAR — Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (CIK 0000928876)

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000928876EDGAR company browse — Tower Semiconductor Ltdsource_log, all KB2026-04-29 ✓
https://data.sec.gov/submissions/CIK0000928876.jsonTSEM EDGAR submissions feed (1,001 filings tracked; 18 historical 20-Fs; 748 6-Ks; 0 Form 4s pre-HFIAA)primary_filings_index, methodology, all KB2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/928876/TSEM Archives rootsource_log2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000928876&type=20-F&dateb=&owner=include&count=40TSEM 20-F annual filings index (FY 2007 → FY 2024)timeline, primary_filings_index, all KB2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000928876&type=6-K&dateb=&owner=include&count=40TSEM 6-K interim filings indexcatalysts, primary_filings_index2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000928876&type=SC+13GTSEM Schedule 13G filings — beneficial-ownership disclosuresinstitutional_holders, primary_filings_index2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000928876&type=4TSEM Form 4 insider-transaction index — currently empty (FPI carve-out pre-HFIAA; post-HFIAA window opened 2026-03-18)insider_transactions_log, primary_filings_index2026-04-29 ✓

1.1 Specific TSEM filing accessions cited

Accession #FormDateDocumentSignificanceLast verified
0001178913-25-00153720-F2025-04-30zk2533083.htmFY 2024 annual report — primary financial-statements anchor, Item 4.A history, Item 6 management, Item 7 major shareholders2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-24-00139720-F2024-04-22zk2431315.htmFY 2023 20-F2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-23-00191820-F2023-05-16zk2329568.htmFY 2022 20-F (Intel-deal-pendency year)2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-22-00169420-F2022-04-29zk2227671.htmFY 2021 20-F2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-21-00153320-F2021-04-30tsem20f1220.htmFY 2020 20-F2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-26-0022206-K2026-04-27zk2635136.htmMost recent 6-K as of KB cutoff2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-26-0021636-K2026-04-20zk2635106.htm6-K mid-April2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-26-0016956-K2026-03-25zk2634949.htm6-K post-LWLG-agreement window2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-26-0008846-K2026-03-16zk2634680.htmLikely Tower-side LWLG-PH18 announcement 6-K2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-26-0004046-K2026-02-11zk2634339.htmQ4 2025 / FY 2025 results 6-K (likely)2026-04-29 ✓
0001968582-25-001081Form 1442025-11-19xsl144X01/primary_doc.xmlSingle pre-HFIAA Form 144 in 12-month window2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-13-001725424B52013-06-04—Historical secondary offering2026-04-29 ✓

1.2 Schedule 13G filings (post-2024 — top holders)

Accession #FormDateFiler%Last verified
0001178913-26-000396SC 13G/A No. 32026-02-10Menora Mivtachim Holdings Ltd6.17%2026-04-29 ✓
0000902664-26-000942SC 13G/A No. 22026-02-12Senvest Management, LLC + Richard Mashaal3.60% (was 5.0%)2026-04-29 ✓
0000902664-25-004998SC 13G/A No. 32025-11-14Point72 Asset Management, L.P. + Steven A. Cohen2.60%2026-04-29 ✓
0000902664-25-004911SC 13G/A No. 12025-11-14Senvest Management, LLC + Richard Mashaal5.00%2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-25-003820SC 13G2025-11-13Migdal Insurance & Financial Holdings (consolidated group)~7.80%2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-25-003775SC 13G/A No. 32025-11-12Clal Insurance Enterprises Holdings4.80%2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-24-003943SC 13G2024-12-09Menora Mivtachim Holdings5.08% (initial)2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-24-003662SC 13G/A No. 92024-11-14Phoenix Financial Ltd5.77%2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-24-003309SC 13G/A No. 22024-10-15Harel Insurance Investments & Financial Services7.80%2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-24-000332SC 13G2024-01-31Migdal Insurance & Financial Holdings6.10%2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-23-002805SC 13G2023-08-10Harel Insurance Investments5.30% (initial)2026-04-29 ✓
0001178913-23-000265SC 13G2023-01-26Migdal Insurance & Financial Holdings3.85% (sub-5% reporting)2026-04-29 ✓

1.3 Historical SC 13D filings (pre-2017 ownership context)

Accession #FormDateFilerNoteLast verified
0001193125-15-266370SC 13D2015-07-29Kirby Enterprises Inc.Last meaningful SC 13D pre-modern dispersed era2026-04-29 ✓
0000902561-11-000023SC 13D2011-03-28(private investor)Early-2010s capital-restructuring-era filing2026-04-29 ✓
0000902561-11-000018SC 13D2011-03-14(private investor)Early-2010s2026-04-29 ✓

Israel Corp / Idan Ofer / Ofer Holdings / Kenon Holdings: NO filings present in TSEM EDGAR archive in the post-2016 window. ✓ verified directly against EDGAR submissions feed. Israel Corp was a founding-era shareholder (1990s-2000s) but exited / diluted below the 5% threshold prior to the modern observation window. Open backfill: pin down the exact year of Israel Corp’s exit.

2. Intel Corp counterparty filings (CIK 0000050863) — Intel-Tower deal

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000050863EDGAR Intel Corp company browsetimeline, intel_deal_collapse2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000050863&type=8-KIntel Corp 8-K filings index — Tower-deal announcement (Feb 15 2022) + termination (Aug 16 2023)timeline, intel_deal_collapse, primary_filings_index2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1517/intel-to-acquire-tower-semiconductor-for-5-4-billionIntel press release — “Intel to Acquire Tower Semiconductor for $5.4B” (2022-02-15)timeline, intel_deal_collapse, stock_price_history2026-04-29 ✓
https://newsroom.intel.com/Intel newsroom (broader Intel-press archive)intel_deal_collapse2026-04-29 ◐

3. Tower corporate — investor relations + press releases

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://towersemi.com/Tower Semiconductor corporate homepagesource_log, all KB2026-04-29 ✓
https://towersemi.com/investor-relations/Tower investor relations landingsource_log, all KB2026-04-29 ✓
https://towersemi.com/press_release/Tower press releases archivesource_log, timeline2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/12/3186012/0/en/Tower-Semiconductor-Announces-New-CPO-Foundry-Technology-Available-On-Tower-s-Leading-Sipho-and-EIC-Optical-Platforms.htmlTower CPO foundry technology press release (2025-11-12) — AI-photonics-premium ignition catalyststock_price_history, short_interest_history, bull_case2026-04-29 ✓
https://towersemi.com/2025/04/29/tower-reports-q1-2025-results/Tower Q1 2025 results press release ⚠ verify URLquarterly_trend2026-04-29 ◐

4. Lightwave Logic counterparty — PH18 development agreement

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.lightwavelogic.com/Lightwave Logic corporate homepagesource_log2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.lightwavelogic.com/news-media/press-releases/LWLG press releases archive — includes 2026-03-11 Tower PH18 development agreement announcementtimeline, stock_price_history, ph18_process2026-04-29 ✓
https://lwlg.primarysourced.comLWLG knowledge base — adjacent material-IP layer thesisbull_case, cross-reference2026-04-29 ✓

5. STMicroelectronics counterparty — Tower-ST Agrate program

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/about/media-center/press-item.html/c3134.htmlSTMicroelectronics press release — “STMicroelectronics and Tower Semiconductor announce 300mm partnership in Italy” (2022-07-05)timeline, tower_st_agrate2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.st.com/STMicroelectronics corporate homepagesource_log2026-04-29 ✓
https://investors.st.com/STMicroelectronics investor relationstower_st_agrate2026-04-29 ✓

6. Other counterparty / partner corporate sources

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.nuvoton.com/Nuvoton Technology Corporation (Taiwan) — Panasonic Semiconductor 2020 acquisition + TPSCo residual staketimeline, supply_chain_map2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.coherent.com/Coherent Corp — anticipated OFC 2026 Tower-Coherent democatalysts, customers_photonics2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.coherent.com/newsCoherent press releasescatalysts2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.maximintegrated.com/Maxim Integrated (legacy; now Analog Devices) — 2023 Newport Beach 8” production line acquisitionnewport_beach_maxim, mna_history2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.analog.com/Analog Devices (parent of legacy Maxim)newport_beach_maxim2026-04-29 ✓

7. Regulatory + Israeli regulatory primary

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2026/01/18/section-16a-insider-reporting-legislation-ends-foreign-private-issuer-exemption/Harvard Law CorpGov forum — HFIAA repeal of FPI Section 16(a) carve-out, effective 2026-03-18timeline, insider_transactions_log, methodology2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.isa.gov.il/Israeli Securities Authority (ISA) homepagemethodology, insider_transactions_log2026-04-29 ✓
https://maya.tase.co.ilMaya disclosure portal — Israeli insider/principal-shareholder disclosures (Hebrew)methodology, insider_transactions_log2026-04-29 ⚠ not yet ingested
https://www.tase.co.il/enTel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) homepagetimeline, methodology2026-04-29 ◐

8. Deal trade-press — Intel-Tower (2022-2023)

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.reuters.com/technology/intels-54-bln-tower-deal-faces-china-antitrust-deadline-2023-08-15/Reuters — Intel-Tower deal China antitrust deadline (2023-08-15)timeline, intel_deal_collapse2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.reuters.com/technology/intel-scraps-54-bln-tower-deal-after-failing-secure-china-approval-2023-08-16/Reuters — “Intel scraps Tower deal after failing to secure China approval” (2023-08-16)timeline, intel_deal_collapse, stock_price_history2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-15/intel-said-near-deal-to-buy-tower-semiconductor-for-about-6-billionBloomberg — Intel-Tower deal coverage (paywalled)timeline2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.eetimes.com/intel-to-acquire-tower-semiconductor-for-5-4-billion/EE Times — Intel-Tower deal coverageintel_deal_collapse2026-04-29 ◐

9. Industry forecasts + market intelligence

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wsts-q4-2024.pdfWSTS — Q4 2024 semiconductor industry forecast (specialty foundry sub-segment)foundry_industry_dynamics2026-04-29 ⚠ URL pattern; verify
https://www.lightcounting.com/LightCounting Market Research — silicon-photonics + optical-transceiver market datafoundry_industry_dynamics, customers_photonics2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.yole.fr/Yole Développement — silicon-photonics market reportsfoundry_industry_dynamics, ph18_process2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.delloro.com/Dell’Oro Group — datacenter networking forecastscustomers_photonics2026-04-29 ◐
https://ibs-inc.net/International Business Strategies (IBS) — wafer-fab capacity + ASP forecastsfoundry_industry_dynamics2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.650group.com/650 Group — switching + datacenter network forecastscustomers_photonics2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.eetimes.com/EE Times — semiconductor trade presscompetitors, foundry_industry_dynamics2026-04-29 ◐
https://semiwiki.com/SemiWiki — semiconductor industry analysiscompetitors, ph18_process2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.semiconductor-today.com/Semiconductor Today — compound-semi + foundry trade pressfoundry_industry_dynamics2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.compoundsemiconductor.net/Compound Semiconductor magazinefoundry_industry_dynamics2026-04-29 ◐

10. Conference proceedings

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.ofcconference.org/OFC — Optical Fiber Communication conference (March each year)catalysts, ph18_process2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.ecocexhibition.com/ECOC — European Conference on Optical Communication (Sept-Oct each year)catalysts2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.ieee.org/conferences/index.htmlIEEE conference indexcatalysts2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.gomactech.net/GOMACTech — Government Microcircuit Applications & Critical Technology (defense / RF SOI relevance)catalysts, customers_diversified2026-04-29 ◐

11. Peer-reviewed literature & technical references

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.XXX(placeholder) — Tower SiGe BiCMOS / RF SOI process papersph18_process2026-04-29 ⚠
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2019.2911113Rakowski et al. — 300-mm Monolithic Silicon Photonics Foundry Technology (2019; GF Fotonix foundational paper, used as comparison-anchor for TSEM PH18 process)ph18_process, competitors2026-04-29 ✓
https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.544016Horst et al. — Optica 12, 325 (2025) — Polariton/LWLG 1.1 THz EO bandwidth (cross-context for TSEM-LWLG PH18 program)bull_case, ph18_process2026-04-29 ✓

12. Stock data + secondary financial sources

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TSEM/Yahoo Finance TSEM quote + key statisticssource_log, stock_price_history2026-04-29 ◐
https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/tsem/StockAnalysis TSEM datasource_log2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.investing.com/equities/tower-semiconductorInvesting.com TSEM quotesource_log2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.marketbeat.com/stocks/NASDAQ/TSEM/MarketBeat TSEM datacatalysts2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/tsemNASDAQ TSEM pagesource_log2026-04-29 ◐
https://marketchameleon.com/Overview/TSEM/MarketChameleon TSEM options + earnings calendaroptions_chain2026-04-29 ◐
https://www.barchart.com/stocks/quotes/TSEMBarchart TSEMoptions_chain2026-04-29 ◐

13. Options + dark-pool primary sources (for pipeline)

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://cdn.cboe.com/api/global/delayed_quotes/options/TSEM.jsonCBOE delayed-quotes API for TSEM options chain (recommended primary)options_chain2026-04-29 ⚠ pipeline pending
https://query2.finance.yahoo.com/v7/finance/options/TSEMYahoo Finance options API (rate-limited)options_chain2026-04-29 ⚠
https://otctransparency.finra.org/otctransparency/AtsIssueDataFINRA OTC Transparency portal — ATS volume by venuedarkpool_offexchange2026-04-29 ⚠ pipeline pending
https://www.theocc.com/Options Clearing Corporation — options-volume primaryoptions_chain2026-04-29 ✓
https://www.finra.org/finra-data/short-interestFINRA short-interest dissemination (bi-monthly)short_interest_history2026-04-29 ✓

14. Aggregator + sentiment

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://www.stocktitan.net/news/TSEM/Stocktitan TSEM news aggregatorsource_log2026-04-29 ◐
https://stocktwits.com/symbol/TSEMStocktwits TSEM sentimentsource_log2026-04-29 ◐

15. Cross-references to LWLG + GFS + POET + MRVL kb (adjacent ecosystem context)

URLDescriptionCited byLast verified
https://lwlg.primarysourced.comLWLG kb — material-IP layer (PH18 development partner)cross-reference, ph18_process2026-04-29 ✓
https://gfs.primarysourced.comGFS kb — competitive comp-set (Fotonix vs PH18; foundry-tier duopoly)cross-reference, competitors2026-04-29 ✓
https://poet.primarysourced.comPOET kb — Singapore SiPh ecosystem contextcross-reference2026-04-29 ✓
https://mrvl.primarysourced.comMRVL kb — datacenter optical-stack thesiscross-reference, customers_photonics2026-04-29 ✓
https://photonics.primarysourced.comPhotonics sector hubcross-reference2026-04-29 ✓

Coverage summary

  • SEC EDGAR primary: 7 EDGAR index URLs + 18 historical 20-Fs catalogued + 12 Schedule 13G filings extracted (post-2024) + 3 historical SC 13D references + 1 Form 144 + 0 Form 4s (pre-HFIAA). EDGAR submissions feed = canonical source for all filing-level cross-references.
  • Intel counterparty: 4 sources — Intel EDGAR + Intel newsroom + 2 specific press releases / 8-Ks tied to the 2022 announcement and 2023 termination.
  • Tower corporate: 5 distinct URLs — towersemi.com homepage, IR, press archive, 2025-11-12 CPO foundry release (the AI-photonics ignition catalyst), Q1 2025 results press URL.
  • Counterparty corporate: LWLG + ST + Nuvoton + Coherent + Maxim/ADI — 8 URLs spanning the development-partner + JV + acquisition counterparty landscape.
  • Israeli regulatory: 4 URLs — ISA, Maya disclosure portal, TASE, plus Harvard Law CorpGov HFIAA reference. Maya portal NOT yet systematically ingested — major backfill gap.
  • Deal trade-press: 4 URLs — Reuters (×2), Bloomberg, EE Times — covering the 2022-2023 Intel-Tower deal cycle.
  • Industry forecasts: 10+ sources — WSTS, LightCounting, Yole, Dell’Oro, IBS, 650 Group, EE Times, SemiWiki, Semiconductor Today, Compound Semiconductor.
  • Conference programs: 4 (OFC, ECOC, IEEE, GOMACTech).
  • Peer-reviewed: 3 placeholder + 1 cross-context (Polariton/LWLG Optica 2025).
  • Stock data: 7 secondary + aggregator sources for spot, statistics, options-chain context.
  • Options + dark-pool primary: 5 URLs, 3 pending pipeline ingestion.
  • Aggregator / sentiment: 2 sources.

Total unique URLs: 75+ across all categories. Primary-source-verified (✓): ~40. Partial / single-source / paraphrased / aggregator (◐): ~30. Inferred / pending verification (⚠): ~5 — primarily Maya portal and pipeline-pending API endpoints.

This source log will grow on each refresh. Material near-term additions (within the next 1-2 refresh cycles):

  1. Direct extraction of FY 2024 20-F (acc. 0001178913-25-001537) Item 7 Major Shareholders disclosure.
  2. Maya / ISA-portal scrape design + initial ingestion (Hebrew-language).
  3. Form 144 acc. 0001968582-25-001081 primary-doc XML extraction (filer identity + share count).
  4. CBOE delayed-quotes API options-chain ingestion to populate STOCK_OPTIONS_DATA.json.
  5. FINRA OTC Transparency ATS-by-venue weekly-volume ingestion to populate STOCK_DARKPOOL.json.
  6. First post-HFIAA Form 3 filings (expected May-June 2026).

Cross-references